Producción de biocombustibles a partir de microalgas

Luis Carlos Fernández Linares; Jorge Montiel Montoya; Aarón Millán Oropeza; Jesús Agustín Badillo Corona

doi:10.35197/rx.08.03.e2.2012.10.lf

Autores/as

Luis Carlos Fernández Linares
Jorge Montiel Montoya
Aarón Millán Oropeza
Jesús Agustín Badillo Corona

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35197/rx.08.03.e2.2012.10.lf

Palabras clave:

Biodiesel, bioetanol, fotobiorreactores, algas, cianobacterias, sustentabilidad, ecología industrial

Resumen

Se hace una revisión de la situación de los biocombustibles en el mundo, principalmente del biodiesel. Se comparan las diferentes materias primas para la síntesis de biodiesel y se enfatiza en la producción de éste a partir de microalgas. Se comparan las diferentes microalgas de agua dulce y salada en cuanto a su contenido lipídico y productividad. Se revisa el proceso de biosíntesis de los lípidos y como se puede mejorar su producción de lípidos en estas. Se discute la importancia de manipular genéticamente a Botryrococuus braunni, Nannochloropsis sp, Noechlorisoleobundans y Nitschia sp. También se hace un estudio de las ventajas y desventajas de los diferentes sistemas de cultivo de microalgas. Finalmente se presenta una perspectiva de los biocombustibles a partir de las microalgas. Entre los principales retos a vencer para producir biodiesel están: El costo de producción de biomasa, que involucra la optimización de medios, selección y manipulación de cepas y el diseño de fotobioreactores. También se debe considerar el proceso de separación de biomasa, la extracción de aceites y subproductos, la optimización del proceso de transesterificación, purificación y uso de subproductos.

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Citas

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