Response of Jamaica-bean-corn polyculture to three fertilization treatments in Villaflores, Chiapas, Mexico
Keywords:
associations, peasant, traditional agriculture, alternative cropsAbstract
Corn (Zeamays Linneo) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris Linneo) are the economic basis for covering the basic needs of rural families; however, they are no longer economically profitable due to various factors and family livelihood is put at risk. Alternative production is needed to improve the rural economy. The research was carried out during the spring-summer cycle from 1999 to 2000 in Villaflores, Chiapas, with the objective of evaluating the response of the hibiscus-bean-corn polyculture to three fertilization treatments (00-00-00, 60-60-60 and 120-60-60). The experimental design was randomized blocks with three fertilization treatments, seven crop patterns, and three repetitions, and vegetative and yield variables were evaluated in the three plant species. An ANOVA was performed with the data and the treatment means were compared using the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). The best vegetative response of hibiscus was when associated with beans and corn with the 60-60-60 fertilization treatment, obtaining a greater quantity of: foliage (170 leaves/plant-1), branches (31 branches/plant-1), acorns (54 acorns/plant-1) and a higher yield of dry calyxes (698 kg/ha-1). Beans associated with corn without fertilization showed an increase in foliage (62 leaves/plant-1) and in monoculture with 60-60-60 fertilization had the best yield (1,565 kg/ha-1) of beans. Corn had the best vegetative response (18 leaves/plant-1) when associated with beans and 120-60-60 fertilization, and the best yield was when associated with beans and roselle (7,667 kgha-1). The best Equivalent Land Use was 3.31 in the roselle-bean-corn crop pattern. The analysis of the results indicates that roselle when associated with corn and beans represents an alternative biological and economic production to improve the economy of peasant families in Mexican soils that are acidified.
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