Biopesticides: an option for biological pest control
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35197/rx.08.03.e2.2012.03.enKeywords:
biological control, bioplaguicides, sustainable agriculture, pesticidesAbstract
The indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides and the problems they cause for human health, agriculture and the environment are pointed out, and general aspects of biopesticides and their use in biological pest control are presented. By their nature, these products can be used safely in sustainable agriculture, and an example of this is the use of botanical pesticides whose active ingredient is terpenes, alkaloids and phenolic compounds with insecticidal effect for various agricultural pests. They are also less expensive, biodegradable and safe for humans and the environment, although they have little residuality. Microbial pesticides are being successfully introduced in the control of pests in crops such as coffee, sugar cane, beans and corn. These products are made from bacteria, fungi, viruses or entomopathogenic nematodes. However, few entomopathogenic agents have been developed as effective biocontrol agents, one of them is the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Berlinier) for the control of the corn earworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E Smith) covering about 74% of the market, fungi 10%, viruses 5% and others 11%. Another outstanding case is the use of the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) against the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say). The above biopesticides have shown that when used appropriately in the biological control of pests, they promote the practice of sustainable agriculture, with less dependence on chemical insecticides.
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